Supercomputers/Systems/Eurora
Italy · operational · hpc
Eurora
Also known as Eurora (PRACE prototype)
Operated by CINECA .
Researched with AI assistance, checked by scripts. These rows were researched by AI agents reading public operator, laboratory and vendor sources, appended by scripts and checked by automated validation; no subject-matter expert has reviewed them (how this site is made). A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1350 of 1581 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 64 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.
Measured performance
- Rmax
- 100.90 TFlop/s
- Rpeak
- 175.67 TFlop/s
- Rmax ÷ Rpeak
- 57.4%
- Cores
- 2,688
- Power
- 46 kW
- Per watt
- 2.2 GF/W
Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.
How it compares
Ranked against the other machines in this dataset that report the same figure: those that first came into service within two years of Eurora, and those in Italy. Computed from our tables; a metric is ranked only when at least eight peers report it.
| Metric | Value | Against its era | Against its country |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rmax | 100.90 TFlop/s | #213 of 227 · bottom 7% | #21 of 21 · bottom 1% |
| Energy efficiency | 2.2 GF/W | #20 of 186 · top 10% | #11 of 14 · bottom 24% |
| Rmax ÷ Rpeak | 57.4 % | #210 of 226 · bottom 8% | #17 of 20 · bottom 17% |
| Power draw | 46 kW | #186 of 188 · bottom 2% | #14 of 14 · bottom 1% |
Every metric is ranked largest-first, so a high power-draw rank means a big power draw, not a good one. Rmax ÷ Rpeak uses HPL-measured results only. Rankings move as machines are added; they describe this dataset, not the world.
What this machine is made of
One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.
| Role | Part | Supplier at build | Quantity | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integrator | - Eurotech Aurora HPC 10-20 | Eurotech | - | Reported | top500.orghpc.cineca.it |
| Accelerator | - Two NVIDIA Tesla K20 per node | NVIDIA | - | Reported | top500.orghpc.cineca.it |
| CPU | - Two Intel Xeon E5-2687W per node | Intel | - | Reported | top500.orghpc.cineca.it |
| Interconnect | Mellanox InfiniBand QDR Interconnect Fat tree · 40 Gb/s per 4x port Infiniband QDR | Mellanox NVDANASDAQ
rolls up to NVIDIA | - | Reported | top500.orghpc.cineca.it |
| Cooling | - Eurotech Aurora direct hot-water cooling | Eurotech | - | Reported | top500.orghpc.cineca.it |
The read
PRACE 2IP co-funded prototype deployed by CINECA with INFN, built by Eurotech on its hot-water-cooled Aurora design, which became the commercial Aurora Tigon. CINECA's news item says each node has two Xeon E5-2687W CPUs and two PCIe NVIDIA Tesla K20 accelerators, with water cooling reaching 350 TFlop/s peak per rack; Eurotech's CTO is quoted claiming free cooling and a PUE of 1.05, which is a vendor statement. It ranked first on the June 2013 Green500 at 3,210 MFlop/s per watt. The TOP500 page shows a single list appearance (Jun 2013, rank 468) with 2,688 cores, Rmax 100.9 TF, Rpeak 175.67 TF and 46 kW. The machine is a Green500 and energy-efficiency milestone rather than a capability system; no later list entry or retirement date was found.
Timeline
Public list appearances
Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.
Change history
- 2026-10-17 Eurora added from its source pages
Nearby in scale
The machines closest to Eurora by Rmax, smaller to larger.
- Edge (LLNL) · USA, operational · 0.1 PFlop/s
- RICC · Japan, operational · 0.1 PFlop/s
- Chinook · USA, operational · 0.1 PFlop/s
- Red Storm · USA, decommissioned · 0.1 PFlop/s
- Olympus (PNNL) · USA, operational · 0.1 PFlop/s
- Hera (LLNL) · USA, operational · 0.1 PFlop/s
Related systems
Same operator
- Fermi · Italy, decommissioned, 2012
- Galileo · Italy, decommissioned, 2015
- Marconi · Italy, decommissioned, 2016
- Marconi-100 · Italy, decommissioned, 2020
- Galileo100 · Italy, operational, 2021
- Leonardo · Italy, upgraded, 2022
Source check
We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.
| Cited source | Result | Found on the page |
|---|---|---|
| hpc.cineca.it | names system only | - |
| top500.org | names system and part | Mellanox InfiniBand QDR |
Checked 2026-10-18 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.
Further reading
Operating a supercomputer
Acceptance testing, why "installed" and "in production" are six months apart, and the machine lifecycle.
Inside a node
Latency-optimised versus throughput-optimised processors, NUMA, and the end of the host-to-device copy.
Power and cooling
Why air ran out at 20 kW a rack, how warm-water cooling removes the chillers, and what PUE conceals.