Supercomputers/Systems/Karolina
Czechia · operational · mixed
Karolina
Quantum: linked to VLQ (24 superconducting qubits)
Operated by IT4Innovations at IT4Innovations, Ostrava .
Phase 1 seed dataset, compiled by hand. These rows were built from public operator, laboratory and vendor sources. A mechanical second-reader pass has since fetched every cited source: 1263 of 1345 systems have a readable citation that names them, and 56 are genuinely weakly sourced. Every claim carries its source and a confidence tier. Treat anything below verified as a lead, not a citation.
Measured performance
- Rmax
- 6.75 PFlop/s
- Rpeak
- 12.98 PFlop/s
- Rmax ÷ Rpeak
- 52.0%
- Cores
- -
- Power
- -
- Per watt
- - GF/W
Figures are as last publicly reported for the configuration described below, not a live measurement. Where a system was upgraded in place, the post-upgrade configuration is shown and the earlier one appears in the timeline.
What this machine is made of
One row per supplier relationship. “Supplier at build” is the company that shipped the part at the time; where that company has since been acquired, the parent it rolls up to today is shown beside it. That distinction is what makes ticker-level aggregation possible across a thirty-year dataset.
| Role | Part | Supplier at build | Quantity | Confidence | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Integrator | - Apollo 6500 | Hewlett Packard Enterprise | - | Reported | it4i.czeurohpc-ju.europa.eu |
| Accelerator | NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40GB Accelerators CUDA (Ampere GA100) · 6,912C · 1.41 GHz · 7 nm · 400 W NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40 GB | NVIDIA | - | Reported | it4i.czeurohpc-ju.europa.eu |
| CPU | AMD EPYC 7H12 (Rome, high frequency) CPUs x86-64 · 64C · 2.6 GHz · 7 nm · 280 W AMD EPYC 7H12 64C 2.6GHz | AMD | - | Reported | it4i.czeurohpc-ju.europa.eu |
| Interconnect | NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR Interconnect Fat tree or dragonfly+ · 200 Gb/s per port · About 0.6 microseconds Infiniband HDR | NVIDIA | - | Reported | it4i.czeurohpc-ju.europa.eu |
| Storage | HPE Cray ClusterStor E1000 Storage Lustre appliance, flash and disk tiers · 700 PB on Frontier (Orion) · About 10 TB/s peak Cray ClusterStor E1000 storage system | Hewlett Packard Enterprise | - | Verified | hpe.comdocs.it4i.cz |
| Cooling | Direct-to-chip cold plate Cooling Cold plate on the package, air for the remainder · Removes roughly 50-80 percent of node heat to liquid HPE Apollo 2000 Direct Liquid Cooled System | Hewlett Packard Enterprise | - | Reported | hpe.com |
| Operating system | CentOS Operating systems Linux distribution, RHEL-compatible rebuild · Open source, community-maintained Operating System: CentOS | The CentOS Project | - | Reported | top500.org |
AI datacenter metrics
Figures beyond an accelerator count, each with who stated it. What can and cannot be compared across AI datacenters.
| Metric | Value | As of | Basis | Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accelerators | 576 accelerators | 2026-10 | Operator stated | Accelerated partition: 72 servers x 8 NVIDIA A100 per IT4Innovations. | it4i.cz |
The read
Vega's Czech counterpart under the same EuroHPC petascale wave, on HPE rather than Eviden hardware. The two together are a clean comparison of what the same budget and the same year bought from two different integrators.
Timeline
Public list appearances
Pointers only: rank and edition, linking to the canonical entry. We do not reproduce list tables. See sourcing policy.
Site & facility
IT4Innovations, Ostrava
- Location
- Ostrava, Czechia
- Cooling
- Direct liquid cooling
- Commissioned
- 2013
Change history
- 2026-10-04 Added AI datacenter metrics for karolina
Source check
We fetched this system's own citations and recorded whether each page actually mentions it. This is a corroboration signal, not a fact check, and it is published so you can see how well the sourcing holds up rather than take it on trust.
| Cited source | Result | Found on the page |
|---|---|---|
| eurohpc-ju.europa.eu | does not name this system | - |
| it4i.cz | names system and part | NVIDIA A100 SXM4 40GB, NVIDIA InfiniBand HDR |
Checked 2026-10-13 by pnpm verify. Re-run it and the table changes with the web.
Further reading
Inside a node
Why accelerators exist, what the memory hierarchy costs, and how the CPU and accelerator merged onto one package.
Operating a supercomputer
Acceptance testing, why "installed" and "in production" are six months apart, and the machine lifecycle.
The interconnect
Topologies, why latency and tail behaviour matter more than bandwidth, and how the fabric market consolidated.